Based on the Schema theory and relevance theory , the article analyzes the effects of background knowledge, language proficiency and unknown word rate on EFL listening comprehension through an experi-mental research.The subjects are the first -year and second -year non -English major students who take English as the second language.The experimental tool is the special designed listening test papers .The ex-perimental result finds that the background effect is not significant , while the both effects of language profi-ciency and unknown word rate are significant , and the interactive effect of background knowledge and lan-guage proficiency is notable .%文章基于图式理论和关联理论开展调查研究，分析背景知识、语言水平和生词密度三因素对EFL听力理解的影响。受试是以英语为外语的非英语专业大一和大二学生，工具为依实验要求设计的听力测试卷。研究发现，在对 EFL听力理解的影响方面，背景知识效应不显著，语言水平和生词密度效应显著，背景知识和语言水平交互作用显著。
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