Based on the research on 201 farmers of tilapia aquaculture in Maoming, Guangdong province, we used data envelopment analysis (DEA) methods to analyze the status of cost efficiency of tilapia aquaculture. We also selected 16 variables from human capital and production characteristics to analyze the influencing factors of the cost efficiency of Tilapia with Tobit analysis method. The results show that cost efficiency of Guangdong tilapia farmers is low, which mainly causes by less optimal ratio level of the input. We also find that the level of human capital can help farmers to improve the cost efficiency through increasing technical efficiency. At the meantime, there is an inverted"U" relationship between cost efficiency and production scale. Another result we find is that different production technology has different effect on cost efficiency and the chain of industry does not play a positive role in improving the efficiency of breeding cost.%基于对广东省茂名市201份罗非鱼养殖户的调查数据，运用数据包络分析(DEA)方法对农户罗非鱼养殖的成本效率进行评估，并从养殖户人力资本和生产特征方面选取16个变量，使用 Tobit分析方法对罗非鱼养殖成本效率的影响因素进行分析。结果表明：罗非鱼养殖户成本效率普遍低下，主要原因是要素投入远未达到要素配比的最佳水平；人力资本水平可以通过改进技术效率帮助养殖户实现成本效率；成本效率与规模呈倒“U”型关系；不同生产技术对成本效率的影响具有明显差异；罗非鱼产业链在提升养殖成本效率方面没有发挥积极作用。
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