This article explores the ＂urban-rural＂ dichotomy of Chinese society in the colonial economic history and the transformation of Chinese state nature. The author analyzes the variation of the urban-rural cultural relationships in metropolitan intellectual activities by putting them into the context of the transformation of Chinese modem society, and tries to argue that the urban-rural bias of intellectuals＇ cultural consciousness can reflect the modes and directions of Chinese modernization.%该文将中国社会中“乡村与都市”这对二元结构的形成与变化放置在殖民经济的历史和中国国家性质变革的过程中加以考察。作者将知识分子的文化传播实践与中国社会空间政治的变迁历程进行联系和比照，从而说明“乡村与都市”之间的关系不仅体现了不同历史条件下知识分子的文化政治心态，也展现了中国进入现代以来的不同发展方向，及其与全球资本主义体系之间的关系。
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