作为一个以学者自我期许的史学家、思想家，章学诚重视的是著述之文，而轻视文人之文，他对作者文德的论述偏于学者一面。他的文德论虽然沿用了传统的道德文章合一之言辞，但实际是旧瓶装新酒。章学诚讲文德是从天人性情之辨的高度，超越一般的道德文章论，也比单纯的才性论多了一层天人之辨的内涵，是站在讲明大道的学术高度上的深思。其文德论大体包括“临文必敬”、“论古必恕”和“立言为公”三个方面。既要发挥著述者个体的天性，又要努力以天下为公为学术的目标，也就是追求公私、天人之统一才是章学诚论文德、论学术的最高境界。%As a historian and philosopher who anticipated hirhself to be a scholar, Zhang Xuecheng attached more importance on discussing assays than grandiose essays, where discourses on moral character of historian have more academic hues. Although his theory of moral character follows the sentences about harmonization of traditional essays on morals, which, however, is new wine in old bottles. He talked about the moral character by the debate over the characteristics of man and nature, which surpassed the ordinary essays on morals, also described more with the connotation of the debate over nature and man compared with the simplex theory of characters, which belongs to the profundity of academy illustrating the ＂way＂, The general includes the respect when approaching something new, the clemency while criticizing the ancient works and responsibility when utte- ring for the public. Whereas, the utmost of his theory on moral character and academic works is the pursuit of devotion and harmony of man and nature.
展开▼
