给出了设计大坝预期使用寿命和在役大坝剩余使用寿命的定义及其计算方法,分析了各种因素对混凝土坝使用寿命的影响。坝体内部钻孔取芯试验资料表明,坝工混凝土具有足够的长期强度,根据当前的筑坝水平,混凝土碳化、冻融和冲蚀等表面损伤可以控制在允许范围内,实体混凝土坝断面厚度较大,即使产生了一些表面损伤,完全可以在不影响大坝正常运用条件下进行修复,因此优质实体混凝土坝可以长期服役。这与一般钢筋混凝土构件是完全不同的,我国是坝工大国,实现混凝土坝的超长期服役,对我国国民经济的长久发展无疑将发挥积极作用。钢筋混凝土支墩坝,如平板坝,因存在钢筋锈蚀问题,断面也较薄,其使用寿命是有限的。本文从设计、施工和管理等方面全面提出了实现实体混凝土坝超长期服役的技术措施。%Methods for computing the expected life span of concrete dams are given and the influences of relevant factors are analyzed. It is pointed out that the life of solid concrete dam may be boundless due to the following reasons： firstly, the concrete in the interior of dam has enough strength over a long period of time; secondly, the thickness of the solid concrete dam is so big that the superficial damages due to carbonization, freezing and melting and water flow erosion can be repaired when the dam work normally. The life of buttress dam is limited, because the steel reinforcement may become rusty and the thickness of dams is thin. Methods to realize the endlessly long life of solid concrete dams are proposed in respect of design, construction and maintenance.
展开▼
