Pregnancy is a typical and complex physiological process. In order to ensure the healthy development of mother and fetus,the changes of hormone level,immune regulation and metabolism level of pregnant women will be related.The human microbiome is closely related to these physiological processes.The research methods and strategies of microbial group are constantly updated.The characteristics and influencing factors of pregnant women′s body (intestinal,vaginal,oral cavity, etc.), fetus and its appendages and neonatal microbiome are revealed continuously. The microbial dysbiosis and specific microbial populations with unhealthy pregnancy complications has been studied.Some studies expect the control and treatment of some diseases by studying changes in the human microbial population. The research at this stage has changed people′s understanding of the role of initial microbiomes in life and provided clues for exploring the relationship between microbial flora and health throughout the developmental period.%妊娠是一个典型而复杂的生理过程.为确保母亲及胎儿的健康发育,妊娠期妇女的激素水平、免疫调节、代谢水平等会发生系列相关变化.人体微生物组与这些生理过程密切相关.随着微生物组的研究方法与策略在不断更新,妊娠期孕妇机体(肠道、阴道、口腔等)、胎儿及其附属物和新生儿微生物组的特点与影响因素不断被揭示,微生物菌群失调及特定的微生物群与妊娠并发症的关系也逐渐被研究.同时科学家们期望通过研究人体微生物组的变化来实现对一些疾病的控制和治疗.现阶段的研究改变了大家对生命初始微生物作用的一贯认识,为探索母胎整个发育时间点微生物菌群变化与健康的关系提供了线索.
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