SUMO modification is a reversible post-translational regulation of proteins. It resembles the three-dimensional structure of ubiquitin, but different functional outcomes derive from these two types of modification. It targets a variety of proteins within the nucleus, in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of the cell. Numerous developmental proteins, including transcription factors and epigenetic regulators, have been identified as sumoylation substrates. It is covalently conjugated with specific lysine sites on target proteins through E1 activating enzymes, E2 binding enzymes and E3 ligase, and plays a regulatory role in cell function, such as controlling cell cycle, regulating transcription, regulating subcellular localization, etc. In recent years, several researches have uncovered many significant functions of the sumoylation in the early life of embryonic development. In the process of embryonic development, sumoylation involved in many molecular events in multiple aspects of the regulation of embryonic development, such as maintaining chromosome integrity and isolation, control of centromere aggregation and regulation of germ cell development and meiotic maturation etc. The review will generalize current information as to the function of sumoylation in the embryonic development. However, as the study has just been started, the full physiological function of the SUMO loop pathway in embryonic development remains to be further studied.%小分子泛素样调节蛋白(small ubiquitin-related modifier,SUMO)化修饰是一种可逆的蛋白质翻译后调节形式.SUMO与泛素结构相似,但功能迥异.SUMO底物可定位于细胞核、细胞膜及细胞质,绝大多数为转录因子和表观调节子.SUMO通过E1激活酶、E2结合酶和E3连接酶与靶蛋白上特定的赖氨酸位点共价结合,调节细胞功能,如控制细胞周期、调控转录、调节亚细胞定位等.近年许多研究证明,SUMO化修饰在早期胚胎发育中发挥重要作用.在胚胎发育过程中,蛋白质SUMO化修饰参与调控胚胎发育的多个环节中的多个分子事件,如维持染色体的完整性、分离控制着丝点聚集、调控生殖细胞发育及减数分裂成熟等.总结最新的研究成果,概括SUMO化修饰在胚胎发育中的作用.但由于该项研究刚刚起步,SUMO化循环通路在胚胎发育中的全部生理学功能仍有待进一步研究.
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