RNA interference(RNAi)is a method that allows double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)to induce the target gene mRNA to degrade in the body and lead to different levels of gene silencing. Small interfering RNA(siRNA)is the effector molecules of RNAi, and needs the delivery vehicle into the cells to play a therapeutic role. Nanoscale carrier can adjust the rate of drug release ,increase permeability of biofilm,change distribution in the body,and improve bioavailability. In this manuscript,materials,structure and bio⁃logical characteristics of existing non-viral nanometer vectors delivery for siRNA are summarized.%RNA干扰（RNA interference，RNAi）技术可让不同水平的基因沉默，主要是通过双链RNA（dsRNA）在体内诱导靶基因mRNA产生特异性降解而实现的。小干扰RNA（small interfering RNA，siRNA）是RNAi的效应分子，需要借助递送载体进入细胞内发挥治疗作用。纳米载体具有很多优势：增加生物膜通透性、控制药物释放速度、改变体内分布、提高生物利用度等。本文综述了siRNA非病毒递送载体的相关研究，重点阐述了其结构和生物学特征。
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