以5年生观赏海棠'高原红'嫁接苗为试验材料,采用扫描电镜、花粉离体培养、荧光显微技术等研究了'高原红'花粉的形态、生活力及贮藏特性,分析了花粉离体培养基成分、离体与活体萌发的区别及花粉贮藏过程中活力的变化.探讨了花粉萌发及贮藏特性,旨在为揭示花粉萌发特性、建立花粉贮藏体系提供理论依据.结果表明:硼酸与蔗糖溶液均对'高原红'花粉萌发有显著的影响,单因素最佳培养基为10％蔗糖溶液;离体与活体花粉在萌发时间上有一定程度的差异,离体萌发较快于活体萌发,且活体萌发中花粉管在授粉后第8-12 h为快速伸长期;花粉贮藏过程中,室温(17-20℃)下贮藏的花粉活力急速下降,花粉管长度与4,-20℃及-70℃时差异显著,4℃下贮藏的花粉离体萌发率同样呈急速下降的趋势,与-20,-70℃时差异显著,而-20℃与-70℃下贮藏的花粉其离体萌发率之间与花粉管长度之间差异均不显著.%In this study,with 5-year-old ornamental crabapple Malus'prairifire'grafted seedlings taken as the material, the morphology,viability and storage characteristics of Malus'prairifire'pollen were studied by scanning electron microscopy, in vitro culturing pollen and fluorescence microscopy. The differences of pollen in vitro culture medium,in vitro and in vivo germination and the changes of vitality during pollen storage were analyzed. The pollen germination and storage characteristics were discussed,aiming at providing the theoretical basis for revealing pollen germination characteristics and establishing pollen storage system. The results showed that both boric acid and sucrose solution had significant effects on pollen germination of M.'prairifire'. The single factor optimal medium was 10％ sucrose solution. The germination time of in vitro pollen varied with that of in vivo pollen to a certain degree,e.g.,in vitro germination faster than in vivo germination, and during 8-12 h after pollination,the pollen tube of in vivo germination was in rapid extension; In the pollen storage process,the pollen viability stored at room temperature (17-20 ℃) decreased rapidly,the length of pollen tube was significantly different from those of 4,-20 ℃ and -70 ℃ (P ＜0. 01) and the germination rate of pollen in vitro was also decreased rapidly at 4 ℃,which was significantly different from that of -20 ℃ or -70 ℃ (P ＜0. 01),while there was no significant difference in the germination rate and pollen tube length between the pollen stored at -20 ℃ and -70 ℃ (P＜0. 01).
展开▼
