"Strengthening the cultivation of collectivism" has become a national strategy, and when this strategy is used in an enterprise, it is to guide the employees to care for the collective and take the collective interests as the priority, which needs an accurate understanding of "collectivism". We have combed through the literatures discussing individuals in workplace, team and collectivism with a focus on the connotation and measurement, the antecedents and consequences and moderation mechanism, and found that from cultural values to group atmosphere and then to individual orientation and preference, the flexibility of collectivism in the workplace gradually increases with the situation; the measurement tools of multi-level collectivism are classified into the four types: unidimensional-bipolar, two-dimensional-unipolar, multidimensional-unipolar and multidimensional-bipolar, and there existed arguments between binary paradox and coexistence of individualism/collectivism, and between relationship collectivism and pan collectivism; there are double-edged main and moderating effects of multi-level collectivism on individual, team and organizational outcomes, and individualism in the workplace is not always harmful in some situations. The management implications on the feasibility, necessity and breakthrough points to intervene the collectivism in the workplace are brought out and the research perspectives are advanced.%"加强集体主义教育"已上升为国家战略,落实到企业就是引导员工关心集体,并以集体利益为重,这需要准确把握集体主义的内涵、测量、前因后果作用机制.集体主义的内涵从文化价值观扩展到群体氛围再到个体导向或倾向,随情境而变的灵活性不断增强;测量工具包括单维两极、两维单极、多维单极和多维两极四类,存在集体主义和个人主义二元悖论或并存论之争及关系集体和泛集体的参照群体之争;组织和团队层面集体主义的前因研究相对欠缺,个性和情境是个体层面集体主义的关键驱动因素;集体主义对个体、团队和组织结果的影响存在双刃剑效应.最后,从可行性、必要性和切入点三个方面提出对工作场所中集体主义实施干预的管理启示,并展望研究主题.
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