Objective To explore the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in chronic renal failure and its role in the development of chronic renal failure.Methods 40 cases of patients diagnosed chronic renal failure during 2011.07~2014.05 were select-ed as observation subjects,and renal tissues without invasion of 40 cases patients with renal carcinoma resection were chosen as control.The expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in chronic renal failure was detected by IMH.The mice model was stabled establish through gavage of adenine (200 mg/kg).And the TLR4 and MyD88 expression was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.The models was divided into three groups:TLR4 blocking group,TLR4 non-blocking and control group.And the BUN and CRE were detected by biochemical analyzer in three groups.Results The expression of TLR4 and MyD88 were higher in chronic renal failure than in normals.The TLR4 and MyD88 were also higher in chronic renal failure model mice.The levels of BUN (15.65±3.97 mmol/L)in TLR4 blocking group were lower than which in TLR4 non-blocking group (23.33±7.62 mmol/L)and which in IgG group (26.33±6.77mmol/L)(t=2.887,P=0.045).The CRE levels were the lowest in TLR4-blocking group (523.89 ± 52.67μmol/L)compared with the TLR4 non-blocking group (789.51 ± 98.17μmol/L)and the IgG group (809.51±94.19μmol/L)(t=4.125,P=0.015).Conclusion The increased expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in chronic renal failure significantly would promote the development of chronic renal failure.%目的通过研究 Toll 受体4（TLR4）及髓样细胞分化因子88（MyD88）在慢性肾功能不全组织中的表达，探讨TLR4／MyD88蛋白在慢性肾功能不全发生发展中的作用。方法选取2011.07～2014.05华北理工大学附属医院确诊的40例肾功能不全的患者为观察对象，40例肾癌切除患者未被浸润的肾组织为对照，通过免疫组化方法检测慢性肾功能不全患者肾脏组织中TLR4及 MyD88的表达情况，通过腺嘌呤（200mg／kg）连续灌胃制备大鼠模型，定时逆转录 PCR（RT-PCR）及 Western blot检测TLR4及 MyD88的表达，同时将大鼠模型分为TLR4组、未阻断组和 IgG对照组分别检测外周血中尿素氮（BNN）及肌酐（RE）的浓度。结果慢性肾功能不全患者肾脏组织中TLR4及 MyD88的表达明显高于正常对照组；腺嘌呤制备的大鼠模型中的TLR4及 MyD88的基因及蛋白的表达明显高于正常大鼠；TLR4阻断组尿素氮（15.65±3.97mmol／L）明显低于未阻断组（23.33±7.62mmol／L）及 IgG对照组（26.33±6.77mmol／L）（t＝2.887，P＝0.045）；肌酐（523.89±52.67μmol／L）也明显低于未阻断组（789.51±98.17μmol／L）及 IgG 对照组（809.51±94.19μmol／L）（t＝4.125，P＝0.015）。结论 TLR4及 MyD88蛋白在慢性肾功能不全中表达增加，并且显著促进疾病的发展过程。
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