Housing tenant right of first refusal system has several changes from the founding to 2009, the changes included two important aspects:shorting the notification period of the lessor and admitting the validity of the sale and purchase contract between the lessor and a third person. During the beginning of the founding and the urban housing reform period, this system fully reflects the pursuit of fairness and protection of the weak. With the rapid changes in social life and the rapid growth of housing price, the implementation of the system has produced high cost and low efficiency consequences. After the “perfect operation”in 2009, this system not only embodies the legal protection of home ownership of fair value,but also expresses the pursuit of efficiency.%房屋承租人优先购买权制度，从新中国成立后到2009年几经变迁，变迁的最主要内容是缩短了出租人通知的期限以及承认出租人与第三人房屋买卖合同的效力。新中国成立之初和城市住房改革时期该制度充分体现了追求公平和保护弱者这一目的，而在社会生活急速变化、房价日益攀升的今天，该制度的实施却产生了高成本低效益的后果。经过2009年的“完善手术”后，该制度既体现了法律保障居者有其屋的公平价值又表达了法律制度对效率的追求。
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