目的：掌握南昌市东湖区社区居民糖尿病患病现状及糖尿病患者可控危险因素的近期暴露，为制定适合当地的防控干预计划提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样法，随机抽取2013年南昌市东湖区辖区内3个街办9个居委会18岁以上3263例居民进行调查和测量，运用χ2检验和秩和检验对糖尿病流行现状及可控危险因素进行分析。结果东湖区社区居民的糖尿病患病率为6．2％，男性与女性高血压患病率差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）；职业人群中以无业及待业者患病率最高，为11．1％；小学及以下文化程度者患病率较高，为10．3％；婚姻状况以丧偶者患病率最高，为12．6％；年龄较大者患病率亦较高（P ＜0．001）。糖尿病患者肥胖占9．9％、超重占30．2％，明显高于普通居民的4．1％和26．0％（P ＜0．001）；与普通居民相比：糖尿病患者腰围超标率、饮酒率更高（均 P ＜0．05）；每天睡眠时间更短（P ＜0．001）；运动量和营养标签知晓率更好（均 P ＜0．001）；体检频率更高（P ＜0．001）；近期紧张率、平均每天食用蔬菜量、口味、吸烟率差异无统计学意义（均 P ＞0．05）。结论东湖区社区居民糖尿病患病率低于全国平均水平。糖尿病综合防治在运动量、营养标签知晓率、体检频率、等方面效果显著，但合理营养、紧张情绪以及口味方面效果不明显，体质量控制、限制饮酒和休息时间未达到理想目标。糖尿病的防治宜以体质量控制、限制饮酒、保证睡眠、合理营养、低糖饮食、控制紧张为重点。%ABSTRACT:Objective To master the prevalence of diabetes among community residents of Don-ghu District of Nanchang City and the controllable risk factors for recent exposure,and to provide the basis for developing the regional plan for prevention and control of diabetes.Methods A total of 3 263 residents aged 18 years or older from 9 neighborhood committees of 3 subdistricts of Donghu District were selected by using stratified cluster sampling.Epidemic status and controlla-diabetes was 6.2% among community residents of Donghu District.There was no significant difference in the prevalence of diabetes between men and women (P >0.05).Among occupational groups,the highest prevalence was found in unemployed persons (11.1%).Among residents of different marital status,the highest prevalence was found in widowed persons (12.6%).Further-more,residents with primary education level or lower had a higher prevalence of diabetes (10.3%),and elderly persons had a higher prevalence of diabetes (P <0.001).Compared with non-diabetic patients,the incidences of obesity and overweight significantly increased in patients with diabetes (9.9% vs 4.1% and 30.2% vs 26.0%,respectively;P <0.001).Moreover,diabetic patients had higher rates of excess waist circumference and alcohol consumption,shorter sleeping time,better awareness about exercise amount and nutrition labels,and higher physical examina-tion frequency than general population (P <0.001 or P <0.05).There were no significant differ-ences in recent tension rate,average daily consumption of vegetables,taste and smoking rate be-tween diabetic patients and general residents (P >0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of diabetes among community residents of Donghu District is lower than the national average.Comprehensive prevention and control of diabetes have significant effects on exercise amount,awareness of nutri-tion labels,and physical examination frequency,but have no obvious effects on rational nutrition, emotional tension and taste.Average,body weight control,alcohol consumption and rest time have not reached the ideal target.Therefore,the prevention and control of diabetes should focus on body weight control,alcohol limitation,adequate sleep,rational nutrition,low-sugar diet and emo-tional tension control.
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