New environmental protection law is a fundamental law formulated for the overall development of China ’s environmental protection, aiming at maintaining life’s bottom line and bring order out of chaos. Its era characteristics are manifested in two aspects. On the one hand, the law is an important political measure to initiate the new era of China’s eco-civilization;on the other hand, it is a pioneer to promote eco-civilization of Chinese paradigm and make eco-civilization a new stage of world’s environmental protection movement in the ecological era adaptive to global development. New environmental protection law, however, in the enforcement process, is influenced both by correlations of the social system such as national spirit condition, changes of social fundamental contradiction, ways of executing laws, and by correlations of ideological system such as public awareness of the law, government responsibility and integrity, public supervision and education, etc..Therefore, in theory, the new environmental protection law has a problem of ethical consciousness limits, the orientation of ethics focusing on anthropocentrism only. For one thing, there is a misunderstanding about the orientation of eco-civilization which considers human ecology only instead of taking into account those“natural ecology”closely related to human existence and wedging human ecology closely related to other living species into the whole civilization to create green knowledge;for another, based on the“created green knowledge”, the new environmental protection law is far from comprehensive in reconstructing the civilized social ecological order, paying too much attention to“human world”and neglecting“natural world”. As a result, only the environment and the resources beneficial and valuable to human beings are protected while the primary living conditions and resources for other living beings are destroyed or plundered. In essence, eco-civilization is different from other civilizations in“being civilized to ecology”. That is to say, from the perspective of eco-relationship, eco-civilization aims at creating a harmonious eco-relationship between human and nature, rather than making profits for human beings only,“guaranteeing public health, or promoting sustainable development of economic society”. Moreover, ethical consciousness limits also exist in the execution process of new environmental protection law, which is embodied in the ambiguity of ethical consciousness in practice, such as designating eco-protection redline, disposal and recycling of domestic waste, strengthening environmental protection publicization and so on.%新环保法是针对我国环保总体发展形势制定的“维护生命底线”并发挥“拨乱反正”作用的环保根本大法。其时代特征既体现在“是开创我国生态文明新时代的重大政治举措”，也体现在适应世界发展的生态时代，推进生态文明的“中国范式”并使生态文明成为“世界环境保护运动新阶段”的开路先锋。然而，新环保法在执行过程中既受到“国民精神素质状况”“社会根本矛盾的变化”“法律成为活法的方式”等社会系统关联性的制约，也受到“认识程度”“政府责任和诚信”以及“舆论监督和公共文化教育”等意识形态系统关联性的影响。由此进一步发现，新环保法在理论上存在着伦理自觉的限度，即在于单一的人类中心主义的法伦理学定位：一方面，体现在对生态文明定位理解的偏颇，只考虑人类生态，没有把与人的生存紧密相关的那些“自然生态”，以及与其他生命种类命运相关的“人类生态”纳入文明考虑并依此“创造绿色知识”；另一方面，基于上述“创造的绿色知识”在重建文明的社会生态秩序方面也就显得不够全面。只重视“人类世界”而忽视地球“自然世界”，其结果：只保护对人类有益的环境，可能破坏其他非人类生存的基本条件；只保护供人类可用的资源，可能掠夺其他非人类的生存资源。实质上，生态文明与其他文明的根本不同之处就在于“对生态讲文明”，是从生态关系的尺度即以人与自然和谐的生态关系为目的，而非仅仅是为了一个人类物种“、为保障人类或公众健康”或“促进经济社会可持续发展”的目的。不仅如此，新环保法在实践上也存在伦理自觉的限度，即体现在“划定生态保护红线”“、生活废弃物处置和回收利用”以及“加强环境保护宣传和普及工作”等实践过程中伦理自觉上的模糊性。
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