The right of social relief is a fundamental right of all citizens, and is one of the core connotations of the rights of life, taking the most fundamental position in social security system. The realization of the citizens ’ right of social relief is an ef-fective measure to relieve the survival crisis of the poor, to ensure social fairness, and to enforce the public responsibility of gov-ernment. The guarantee of the right of social relief depends on the fulfillment of the country, while the national obligation is the basic guarantee for the right of social relief. To the realization of social relief, the respect from the nation is the foundation and premise, the protection of such an obligation is the base, and the fulfillment of the obligation is the core.%社会救助权作为公民的一项基本权利，是生存权的核心内涵之一，在社会保障权体系中处于最基础的地位。保障公民社会救助权的顺利实现，是解除贫困群体的生存危机、维护社会底线公平、体现政府公共责任的有效路径。社会救助权的保障仰赖国家履行相应义务，国家义务是社会救助权实现的根本保障，具体涵摄国家尊重义务、保护义务和给付义务三个层次。对于社会救助权的保障，国家尊重义务是基础与前提，保护义务是后盾，给付义务是核心。
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