Nanotechnology, with the widely application in medicine, industry, agriculture, foodstuff and even environmental sectors, has been considerate as a new revolution on modern technology. The novel properties of nanotechnology, which are the basis for its advantage, however, may also cause unique environmental contamination and associated effects on the whole ecosystem including human beings, resulting in a potentially higher risk for people and environment healthy. People began to worry that the risks of nanotechnology in terms of their social risks and environmental impacts may outweigh their benefits. Thus, interests in the broad implication of MNMs have grown. In this paper, we brielfy reviewed the development of nanotechnology, and then analysis their potential risks based on the exiating literatures. After that, some advices on how to deal with these risks were suggested.%纳米技术的兴起为全世界带来了一场全新的变革。纳米技术在医药、工业、农业、食品、环保等领域都有广泛的应用，被誉为21世纪的三大支柱产业之一。但纳米技术同时也是一把双刃剑，在给社会创造巨大利益的同时，它对人类健康、生态环境、社会安全及伦理道德方面也存在着潜在风险。本文介绍了纳米技术的兴起和发展历程，并简述了其负面影响，提出了一些规避纳米技术潜在风险的建议。
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