Objective To investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of colorectal cancer. Methods This case-control study was conducted in four hospitals in Qingdao. A total of 218 patients with incident clinically confirmed colorectal cancer (CRC) and 218 controls admitted to hospital for acute, non-neoplastic diseases were recruited and interviewed. Dietary data were assessed by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between dietary patterns and risk of colorectal cancer. ResuIts Five major dietary patterns were obtained by factor analysis inlcuding healthy dietary pattern, aquatic product and milk pattern, meat and liquor pattern, western dietary pattern, high-salt and pickled food pattern. After adjusted the confounding factors, healthy dietary pattern and aquatic product and milk pattern were protective factors for colorectal cancer, and compared with low score group, high score group had significantly reduced risk ( OR=0.393, 95%CI:(0.154~0.762).OR=0.361, 95%CI:0.102~0.833); meat and liquor pattern, western dietary pattern and high-salt and pickled food pattern were risk factors for colorectal cancer, and compared with low score group, high score group had significantly increased risk (OR=1.842, 95%CI:1.233~3.150.OR=1.927, 95%CI:1.224~3.344.OR=2.019, 95%CI:1.134~4.148). ConcIusion Different dietary patterns may be associated with colorectal cancer.Health education for the disease should be conducted to promote healthy eating habits, and prevent colorectal cancer.%目的：探讨膳食模式和生活方式与结直肠癌发病的关系，为结直肠癌的预防提供科学的依据。方法采用病例对照研究设计，对青岛市3所三级甲等医院218例经病理学确诊的新发、原发结直肠癌患者及218例同期未患结直肠癌的医院和社区人群进行问卷调查。采用半定量食品频率问卷对研究对象进行问卷调查，利用SPSS 17.0探索性因子分析法确定病例组和对照组的主要膳食模式，利用多因素Logistic回归模型分析膳食模式与结直肠癌发病风险的关系。结果通过因子分析共得到5种不同的膳食模式，分别为健康膳食模式、水产奶类、酒肉类、西方膳食模式和高盐腌制类膳食模式。校正混杂因素后发现健康膳食模式、水产奶类膳食模式是结直肠癌的保护因素，且高分位组与低分位组相比患病率显著降低，OR值与95%CI值分别为0.393（0.154～0.762）、0.361（0.102～0.833），且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；酒肉类膳食模式、西方膳食模式及高盐腌制类膳食模式是结直肠癌的危险因素，且高分位组与低分位组相比患病率显著增加，OR值与95%CI值分别为1.842（1.233～3.150）、1.927（1.224～3.344）及2.019（1.134～4.148），且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论健康膳食模式、水产奶类膳食模式是结直肠癌的保护因素；酒肉类膳食模式、西方膳食模式及高盐腌制类膳食模式是结直肠癌的危险因素。可通过健康教育的方式，提出相关的措施来促进健康饮食习惯，进行合理的饮食管理，预防结直肠癌的发生。
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