Objective: To investigate the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and analyze the related influencing factors of postoperative infections in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS). Methods:2012-01—2013-12, 1 652 patients underwent operation in OMFS. Postoperative infections occurred in 113 patients (6.8%). The general condition of the patient, accom-panied diseases, operation length, preoperative and postoperative medications, and cultivation of microorganisms from in-fection smear or exudates were recorded and retrospectively reviewed. Statistic analysis were tested with SPSS 17.0 pack-age software. Results: 116 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected, Staphylococcus aureus (34 strains) and Pseu-domonas aeruginosa (27 strains) were the most popular pathogens. Postoperative infection in OMFS was also closely related to patient’s accompanied chronic diseases, perioperation medication, type of anesthesia, patient ’s age, operation length, and postoperative medications. Conclusion: Further effective prevention and control measures should be applied, to re-duce the incidence of infection after operation of oral and maxillofacial surgery.%目的：探讨口腔颌面外科手术后感染的病原菌分布特点及感染的相关影响因素，为临床防治提供依据。方法：对口腔颌面外科手术后发生感染的113例病历进行回顾性调查，分别从细菌培养、患者一般情况、基础疾病、手术时间、用药情况用等方面进行统计，应用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行分析。结果：共分离出116株病原菌，金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌检出率较高，分别占29.3%（34株）、23.3%（27株）。34株金黄色葡萄球菌中检出耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）15株，检出率为44.1%。术后感染与患者的基础疾病、围手术期用药、麻醉方式、患者年龄、手术时间、术后用药时间等因素密切相关。结论：必须进一步采取有效的防治措施，减少口腔颌面外科手术后感染的发生。
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