Objectives]Irrigation agricultural area in He-xi Oasis, Gansu Province, is one of the important commercial maize production base in China. Study on the effects of different fertilization patterns on soil fertility and crop yield will provide a scientific basis for high efficient and sustainable agricultural production in the area.[Methods]A long-term field experiment (1988–2009) under the base of application of P2O5150 kg/hm2, except control, was conducted in irrigated desert soil. The 13 treatments included single application of farmyard manure 120 t/hm2(M), green manure 45 t/hm2(G), straw 10.5 t/hm2(S), N fertilizer 375 kg/hm2(N) and their combined application with each other as: 1/2MN, 1/2GN, 1/2SN, 1/2MG, 1/2MS, 1/2GS and 1/3MGN, 1/3MSN and 1/4MGSN. The soil organic carbon and available nutrient contents and the main soil enzyme activities were determined. Principle components analysis, cluster analysis and cost and economic returns were used to evaluate the soil quality and economic returns of different fertilization treatments.[Results]Long term treatments of CK, N, NG, NS caused soil available K deficiency, and the corresponding decease was 16.59%, 39.37%, 25.04% and 23.31%, compared to those in 1988. The single application of M, G, and S or combined application with N could increase the contents of soil available N, soil available P, soil available K and soil organic matter (SOM) and soil enzyme activities (invertase, urease, alkaline phosphatase and catalase), and the contents of soil available N, P, K and SOM were in order of combined organic fertilizer application in high quantity > the combined application of low quantity organic fertilizer with low N > single N > CK. The single G or GN could increase the activities of invertase and urease, and the treatments of M, G and MN, GN could increase activities of alkaline phosphatase. The PCA and clustering analyses showed that the 13 fertilizer treatments can be divided into four categories according to the quality of soil: the first one was the high quantity organic fertilization including M, G and MG, the second one was the combined application of organic manure and N fertilizer including MN, MSN, MGN, GN, MS and MSGN, the third one was N, SN and S, and the last one was CK. Compared to CK, all the fertilization treatments could significantly improve crop yields, the crop yields were increased by 12.21%–235.4%, and the fertilizer contribution rates were in a range from 10.89% to 70.18%. The order of the crop yields was N > G > M > S, and the order of the crop yields was GN > MN >MSN > MGN > MG > SN > MSGN > MS. The organic fertilizer combined with application N fertilizer could obtain high yields. The cost and economic returns analysis showed that the single application of N fertilizer or organic fertilizer combined with N fertilizer could increase the net income.[Conclusions]Through the analysis and comparison, single application of farmyard, straw and green manure needs huge amount of input to keep soil fertility and a certain level of yield in the long run, the cost is high and economic benefit is low as a result. Therefore, the combined application of suitable amount of nitrogen fertilizer with organic materials is recommended for the increase of the crop yields and economic efficiency, ameliorate soil health and improve soil ecological environment.%【目的】河西绿洲灌溉农业区是我国主要的商品粮生产及玉米制种基地，结合当地耕作制度进行土壤有效培肥是提高农业生产效益和可持续发展的基础。本研究以河西灌漠土长期定位试验为依托，探讨了长期施用一种或者多种有机肥以及有机无机肥配合对土壤养分、土壤酶活性及产量的影响，为筛选出适于当地农业可持续发展的施肥模式提供理论依据。【方法】试验采用随机区组排列，除对照外，在施磷肥(P2O5)150 kg/hm2的基础上，再设12个处理：单施用农家肥120 t/hm2(M)；单施绿肥45 t/hm2(G)；单施秸秆10.5 t/hm2(S)；单施氮肥375 kg/hm2(N)；农家肥60 t/hm2+绿肥22.5 t/hm2(1/2MG)；农家肥60 t/hm2+秸秆5.25 t/hm2(1/2MS)；农家肥60 t/hm2+氮肥187.5 kg/hm2(1/2MN)；绿肥22.5 t/hm2+氮肥187.5 kg/hm2(1/2GN)；秸秆60 t/hm2+氮肥187.5 kg/hm2(1/2SN)；农家肥40 t/hm2+绿肥15 t/hm2+氮肥124.5 kg/hm2(1/3MGN)；农家肥40 t/hm2+秸秆3495 kg/hm2+氮肥124.5 kg/hm2(1/3MSN)；农家肥30 t/hm2+秸秆2625 kg/hm2+绿肥11.25 t/hm2+氮肥94.5 kg/hm2(1/4MGSN)。调查了耕层土壤有机质和速效养分含量变化以及几种主要土壤酶活力，采用主成分分析、聚类分析、经济效益分析综合比较了不同施肥方式对土壤质量与经济收益的影响。【结果】长期不施肥、单施氮肥(N)、氮肥配施绿肥或者秸秆均会造成土壤钾素匮缺，较1988年初测土土壤速效钾含量分别下降了16.59%、39.37%、25.04%、23.31%；M、G、S三种有机肥单施或与氮配施均能提高土壤碱解氮、土壤有效磷、土壤有效钾、土壤有机质(SOM)含量，不同施肥方式下，其含量大小总体表现为高量有机肥>减量有机肥+减量 N > N > CK；M、G、S、N单施或1/2MN、1/2GN、1/2SN处理均能提高蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性，以 G、1/2GN处理对提高土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶的活性的效果最显著，M、G、MN、GN处理对提高碱性磷酸酶活性的效果最显著；主成分得分进行聚类分析，不同处理培肥土壤质量效果由高到低分成四类，分别为一类高量有机肥 M、G、1/2MG >二种有机肥与氮肥减量配施1/2MN、1/3MSN、1/3MGN、1/2GN、1/2MS、1/4MSGN >三类氮肥、秸秆、秸秆与氮肥 N、1/2SN、S >四类不施肥(CK)；各施肥方式均能提高作物产量，与不施肥(CK)相比，增产幅度为12.21%～235.4%，肥料贡献率在10.89%～70.18%之间，单施肥增产总趋势为 N> G > M > S，减量配施肥增产总趋势为1/2GN >1/2MN>1/2MS，施肥方式以有机肥配施 N对产量贡献最大；经济效益分析表明施 N或有机肥与 N配施对于提高净收益作用较大。【结论】通过主成分分析与聚类分析、经济效益与产量综合比较，农家肥、绿肥和秸秆长期单施成本高，产量和经济效益低，维持土壤养分和产量需要的用量大。因此，提倡适量有机肥与氮肥配施，达到提高作物产量，增加经济效益，保证土壤肥力可持续发展。
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