对浙江省9个厚叶石斑木[ Rhaphiolepis umbellata ( Thunb.) Makino]天然群落的物种组成、表型性状、物种多样性和群落相似性进行了调查分析。结果表明：浙江省厚叶石斑木天然群落的物种数量相对较少,共有维管植物39科58属63种；生活型以常绿木本为主,1年生和2年生草本所占比例最小；优势科包括山茶科( Theaceae)、禾本科( Gramineae)、百合科( Liliaceae)、菊科( Compositae)和蔷薇科( Rosaceae),优势属包括柃木属( Eurya Thunb.)、芒属( Miscanthus Anderss.)、石斑木属( Rhaphiolepis Lindl.)、山菅属( Dianella Lam.)和海桐花属( Pittosporum Banks)。根据灌木层优势种的重要值,9个厚叶石斑木天然群落可分为8个类型：滨柃[ Eurya emarginata ( Thunb.) Makino]灌丛、厚叶石斑木+檵木[ Loropetalum chinense ( R. Br.) Oliv.]灌丛、厚叶石斑木+海桐[ Pittosporum tobira ( Thunb.) Ait.]灌丛、滨柃+赤楠( Syzygium buxifolium Hook. et Arn.)灌丛、厚叶石斑木灌丛、厚叶石斑木+大叶胡颓子( Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb.)灌丛、海桐灌丛和厚叶石斑木+滨柃灌丛。9个群落中,厚叶石斑木的叶片、果实和种子等表型性状变异丰富,叶长、叶宽、叶片长宽比、单果鲜质量和种子鲜质量分别为3.58~5.70 cm、1.38~3.01 cm、2.11~2.43、0.19~0.60 g和0.09~0.30 g,变异系数的均值分别为12.7%、17.5%、12.4%、24.4%和31.8%；灌木层和草本层的物种丰富度、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数最高的群落分别是位于普陀区元山岛的群落Ⅲ和位于玉环县大鹿岛的群落Ⅶ。在各群落中,灌木层的物种丰富度和Shannon-Wiener指数总体上大于草本层,Simpson指数无明显规律性,草本层的Pielou均匀度指数大于灌木层。不同群落间植物种类变化明显,9个群落的相似性系数为0.160~0.625。研究结果表明：浙江省厚叶石斑木天然群落遗传多样性丰富。%Species composition, phenotypic trait, species diversity and community similarity of nine natural communities of Rhaphiolepis umbellata ( Thunb.) Makino in Zhejiang Province were investigated and analyzed. The results show that species number in R. umbellata natural community of Zhejiang Province is relatively less, and there are vascular plants of 63 species in 58 genera belonging to 39 families, in which, the major life form is evergreen woody plant, while the proportion of annual and biennial herbs is the minimum. The dominant families are Theaceae, Gramineae, Liliaceae, Compositae and Rosaceae, and the dominant genera are Eurya Thunb., Miscanthus Anderss., Rhaphiolepis Lindl., Dianella Lam. and Pittosporum Banks. According to important value of dominant species in shrub layer, nine natural communities of R. umbellata can be divided into eight types, which are scrub of Eurya emarginata ( Thunb.) Makino, scrub of R. umbellata+Loropetalum chinense ( R. Br.) Oliv., scrub of R. umbellata+Pittosporum tobira ( Thunb.) Ait., scrub of E. emarginata+Syzygium buxifolium Hook. et Arn., scrub of R. umbellata, scrub of R. umbellata+Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb., scrub of P. tobira and scrub of R. umbellata+E. emarginata. There is rich variation in phenotypic traits of leaf, fruit and seed of R. umbellata in nine communities. Leaf length, leaf width, ratio of leaf length to leaf width and fresh weights of single fruit and seed is 3. 58-5. 70 cm, 1. 38-3. 01 cm, 2. 11-2. 43, 0. 19-0. 60 g and 0. 09-0. 30 g, and average of coefficient of variation is 12. 7%, 17. 5%, 12. 4%, 24. 4% and 31. 8%, respectively. In nine communities, species richness, Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index of shrub and herb layers in community Ⅲ ( Yuanshan Island of Putuo District ) and community Ⅶ ( Dalu Island of Yuhuan County ) are the highest, respectively. Generally, species richness and Shannon-Wiener index of shrub layer in all communities are higher than those of herb layer, and Simpson index has no obvious regularity, while Pielou evenness index of herb layer is higher than that of shrub layer. Species change obviously among different communities, and similarity coefficient of nine communities is 0. 160-0. 625. It is suggested that there are rich genetic diversity in R. umbellata natural community of Zhejiang Province.
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