在复杂海洋环境条件下，海上目标探测性能受海杂波的影响很大。海杂波影响因素众多，机理复杂，特征描述和抑制难度大，需要开展长期、系统、持续、深入研究。开展海杂波测量试验并获取不同参数影响下的测量数据，是有效支撑该研究的重要前提。该文重点围绕海杂波测量试验情况，从岸基试验和机载试验两个方面，对加拿大、南非、澳大利亚、美国、西班牙、德国等国家开展的典型外场试验进行了归类梳理和总结，回顾了美国和日本开展的造浪池海杂波测量试验，并简要介绍了国内开展的海杂波测量试验和烟台的海上目标探测试验中心建设情况。最后，对后续试验仍需重点关注的方向做了展望，包括系统性、持续性的海杂波测量试验仍需进一步开展，任务背景牵引的海杂波测量试验及数据分析仍需强化，面向智能雷达应用的海杂波和目标回波数据集亟需构建。%In complex marine environments, sea clutter greatly affects the detection performance of maritime targets. Because the influencing factors of sea clutter are numerous and the mechanism is complex, there are great difficulties in feature description and sea clutter suppression, and it is necessary to carry out long-term, systematic, continuous, and in-depth research. Carrying out sea clutter measurement experiments and obtaining measurement data under the influence of different parameters is an important prerequisite for supporting this research. This paper mainly focuses on the sea clutter measurements that have been carried out. First, typical experiments in various countries such as Canada, South Africa, Australia, the United States, Spain, and Germany are categorized and summarized from the aspects of shore-based experiment and airborne experiment. Then, sea clutter measurement experiments with wave tank conducted by the United States and Japan are reviewed, and domestic sea clutter measurement experiments as well as the construction of the maritime target detection experimental center in Yantai are briefly introduced. Finally, the future research directions that should be emphasized are projected: more systematic and continuous sea clutter measurement experiments need to be conducted; experiment and data analysis under explicit task background need to be strengthened; and sea clutter and target datasets that meet the requirement of intelligent radar applications need to be urgently constructed.
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