目的：评价“以现居住地为主”的计划生育综合干预措施对提高上海市外来育龄妇女的避孕知识水平和节育措施选择的效果。方法：选择流动人口相对集中的虹桥和梅陇镇为研究现场，随机将虹桥镇定为实验组，梅陇镇定为对照组。对居住3个月以上，不具有上海户籍的4 679名育龄妇女进行调查。1998年1月完成基线调查后实验组除了原来的计划生育服务外，还进行“以现居住地”为主的计划生育宣传教育干预与计划生育服务干预。对计划生育管理人员及计划生育服务人员进行培训。1998年11～12月对两组对象进行效果评估调查。结果：外来育龄妇女避孕知识贫乏，生殖健康意识薄弱，避孕方法知晓率低。计划生育综合干预措施能提高妇女的避孕知识水平，避孕知识积分实验组由干预前的4.44±3.24分增至干预后的5.53±3.52分，高于对照组(由4.28±3.81降至3.92±3.36)。避孕知识得分受到婚姻状况、受教育年限、是否接受过计划生育宣教等因素的影响。62%的外来已婚妇女使用宫内节育器，19%采用女性绝育避孕措施，9%的妇女未采取任何避孕措施。干预后实验组选择稳定性避孕措施的比例减少而非稳定性避孕措施的比例有所增加，提示开展计划生育综合干预可潜在地提高妇女对避孕方法的知情选择能力。结论：应加强对外来育龄妇女的计划生育宣教力度，多方位多渠道地向她们提供与计划生育、生殖健康有关的信息和服务。%Objective: This paper is to analyze the contraceptive knowledge and practice among female migrants who participated in the project of ‘present-residence based' family planning integrated intervention in Minhang district, Shanghai, during 1998. The aims of the study are to understand the contraceptive knowledge, practice and its determinants among the female migrants, and to evaluate the effects of the integrated family-planning intervention on the improvement of contraceptive knowledge.rn Methods: Two towns were selected for filed site, one was randomly identified as experiment group and another was control group. 4 679 female migrants living in the two towns at least 3 months were recruited. Respondents of experiment group received information, education, communication (IEC) program of family planning and the staffs of family planning clinic were trained.rn Results: The female migrants had poor contraceptive knowledge and less awareness of reproductive health. They knew little about the common contraceptive methods. The integrated family-planning intervention could improve their contraceptive knowledge level.The contraceptive knowledge marks of the experimental group increased from 4.44±3.24 before the intervention to 5.53±3.52 after the intervention, and its elevated extent was higher than that of the control group whose marks decreased from 4.28±3.81 to 3.92±3.36. Some factors such as marriage status, educational level, family-planning publicity and so on had impacts on the contraceptive knowledge marks. The study also found out that 62% married female migrants adopted IUD, 19% had performed female sterilization and 9% did not take any contraception. After the intervention, more respondents, especially those in the experimental group, would like to choose short-term contraceptive methods, which implied the improvement in the ability of informed choice of female migrants.rn Conclusion: It's necessary to strengthen the propaganda and education of family planning and provide more comprehensive information on family planning and reproductive health for the female migrants.
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