了解医院护理人员针刺及其他锐器损伤流行现状,为进一步开展干预研究提供线索,并为干预措施效果评价提供基线数据.采用自填式调查问卷对某大型综合医院787名临床一线护理人员在2009年1月1日至2009年12月31日期间所发生的针刺及其他锐器损伤状况进行回顾性调查.护理人员在过去一年中发生针刺及其他锐器损伤共3258人次,针刺及其他锐器损伤年人均发生次数为4.14人次/人,接触发生率(％,人/100人)为88.31.发生针刺及其他锐器损伤的高风险人群为妇产科、重症监护室、外科、急诊科护理人员,其接触发生率(％,人/100人)和年人均发生次数(人次/人)分别为95.56和5.04、95.18和3.64、92.95和4.37、84.13和5.32;引起护理人员针刺及其他锐器损伤的主要医疗操作是掰安瓿、输液结束拔针、整理用毕的锐器、静脉穿刺(采血、加药、输液)和回套针帽,其接触发生率(％,人/100人)分别为67.85、46.89、37.99、14.61和9.28.护理人员针刺及其他锐器损伤主要是由安瓿瓶、头皮针、皮下注射针、缝合针和手术刀片,其损伤接触发生率(％,人/100人)分别为67.98、56.42、37.74、6.73和2.92.护理人员仍然面临较大的针刺及其他锐器损伤风险,不同科室护理人员在不同医疗操作及医疗操作的不同阶段、使用不同医疗锐器、使用锐器的用途不同发生针刺及其他锐器损伤的风险不同,应积极采取有针对性的综合性预防控制措施,全面贯彻落实《血源性病原体职业接触防护导则》(GBZ/T 213-2008).%The purpose of this study was to understand current status on needle-stick and other sharps injuries in hospital-based nurses, to find evidence for intervention in next step, and to provide basic data for evaluation of interventions. A retrospective investigation was conducted among 787 nurses in a general hospital. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires which includes essential information of each nurse and their status on needle-stick and other sharps injuries in the past year. Results The total incidence(per 100 hospital-based nurses) and the average number of episodes (per hospital-based nurse) of needle-stick and other sharps injuries was 88. 31 and 4. 14 in the past year, respectively. The high risk population of needle-stick and other sharps injuries are nurses in department of gynecology and obstetrics, intensive care unit, surgical department and emergency room,' the incidence and the average number of episodes were 95. 56 and 5. 04, 95. 18 and 3. 64, 92. 95 and 4. 37, and 84. 13 and 5. 32 in the past year, respectively. The leading incidence of needle-stick and other sharps injuries was occurred in broken glass preparation ( ampoule or vial) , followed by withdrawing needles from patients, sorting or disposal of used sharp devices, venipuncture and recapping needles, the incidence were 67. 85 , 46. 89, 37. 99, 14.61 and 9.28, respectively. Needle-stick and other sharps injuries were mainly caused by ampoules, winged steel needle, disposable syringes, suture needles and scalpels, the incidence were 67.98, 56.42, 37.74, 6.73 and 2. 92. Conclusion Hospital-based nurses are still at risk of exposure to needle-stick and other sharps injuries, the risk of needle-stick and other sharps injuries was different in different departments, types and stages of healthcare , sharps used and its purpose. Special and comprehensive measurements of needle-stick and other sharps injuries prevention and control should be taken actively, and Guideline for Prevention and control for occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogen (GBZ/T 213-2008) should be implemented totally.
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