Retrospective the historical of how the stoichiometric changed from macro level by to the microscopic particles level as well as of the the origin of amount of substance,mole and the Avogadro's number.Analysis the difference between the amount of substance and mole.Noted the amount of substance should be defined a quantity which count particles of matter and the mole is the amount of substance of a system.These conclusions are guiding role on breakthrough teaching difficulties.%追溯化学计量由宏观质量层面向微观粒子层面转变的历史进程以及摩尔、物质的量、阿伏伽德罗常数的由来，辨析物质的量和摩尔概念的细微差别。提出物质的量是描述物质所含微粒多少的物理量，摩尔是数目集合体的概念，对教学中突破教学难点起到一定指导作用。
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