Ultra fine fiber is the development trend of thermal insulation materials of textile and garment. Kapok is the natural fiber with the largest hollowness by far. Its unique hollow structure makes it become a kind of ideal thermal fiber. The kapok fiber was used as the main research object to observe the vertical and horizontal morphology of kapok fiber, and analyze the influence of filling degree on thermal properties. Under the same parameters, warmth and moisture permeability of three kinds of fiber assemblies including kapok, cotton and polyester fiber were compared and analyzed. The results show that:when the filling degree of 0. 3, the warmth of kapok fiber assemblies is the best. Under the same parameters, warmth and moisture permeability of kapok fiber assemblies are the best.%超细化纤维是目前纺织服装保暖材料的发展趋势。木棉是迄今为止中空度最大的天然纤维，独特的中空结构使其成为一种理想的保暖纤维。以木棉纤维为主要研究对象，观察木棉纤维纵横向形态结构，分析填充度对保暖性能的影响，在相同参数下，对比分析木棉、棉、聚酯纤维三种纤维集合体的保暖透湿性能。结果表明：在填充度为0.3时，木棉纤维集合体的保暖性最佳；相同参数下，木棉纤维集合体的保暖透湿性最好。
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