为了明确圆销车钩自由转角与车体主要结构参数的匹配关系，采用理论分析与动态仿真相结合的方法，研究了曲线通过及直线承压工况下，机车车体主要结构参数与车钩转角的关系．结合缓冲器的非线性迟滞特性并采用控制系统仿真方法，建立了圆销钩缓系统的对中钩肩模型，该模型能够较好体现钩肩回复力的实时性；采用内插样条函数进行拟合，根据工程图纸对车钩钩头轮廓曲线进行数据离散，反演得到钩头轮廓曲面，并建立了一对连挂钩头间的曲面／曲面接触模型，进一步考虑了连挂钩头间的相互作用，能够准确模拟连挂钩头间的相对运动；通过对不同自由转角条件下机车的受力情况进行分析，得出了车钩自由转角设计推荐公式，并通过动力学仿真对其进行了验证．研究与仿真结果表明，受轨道曲率变化的影响，车钩实际转角比静态计算结果要偏大0．5°～1．0°，钩头间的相对转动可对车钩转角进行补偿，以顺利实现机车曲线通过；车钩自由摆角与车体结构要有较好的匹配，以保证机车承压时的运行安全性，同时建议该型机车钩缓系统自由转角设计值应小于8°，这与推荐公式的计算结果有较好的一致性．%To explicate the matching relation between main structure parameters of carbody and round-pin coupler,theoretical analysis and dynamic simulation method were used to analyze the relation between main structure parameters of carbody and rotation angle of the coupler in the cases of curve passing and pressure bearing on straight line. Control system simulation method was adopted to establish the model of aligning shoulders taking into account the nonlinear hysteresis characteristics of buffer,which can reflect real-time characteristics of aligning shoulders force. Coupler head profile were discretized to obtain the profile data,which were fitted through the spline interpolating function and reverted to coupler head curve surfaces;then the contact models between curve surfaces of coupler head were established,further considering the interaction between coupler heads,which can accurately simulate the relative movement between coupler heads. Force analysis of carbody at different free angles was conducted,and the equation for designing optimal coupler free angle was presented and validated . The results indicate that actual coupler angles were larger than that of the calculated ones by 0. 5°~1. 0° owning to the changes of track curvature. Relative angles between coupler heads can offset that of couplers so as to negotiate curves. To ensure the running safety of locomotive when bearing compressive strength,the coupler free-angle and the carbody structure parameters should match each other,and the design value of the locomotive's coupler free-angle should be less than 8°. Overall,the results agree well with the calculated results.
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