Exceptional dimension freight transportation plays an important role in railway freight transportation. In this article, the inertial forces with randomness of the exceptional dimension freight were firstly discussed. The distribution Iaws of the unit inertial force were established by the probability statistical theory on the basis of inertial forces randomness. Acorresponding computational method for the distribution laws of inertial forces was given. Then, an exceptional dimension freight transportation safety model was established by the inertial force distribution law, and an analytical method for the exceptional dimension freight transportation instability was also given. According to the theory of theoretical mechanics, the equilibrium equations of the reinforcement forcesfor the exceptional dimension freight were built up. Based on the distributional laws of the inertial forces, the distributional functions for the reinforcement forces were also analyzed. At last, a safety function for the enforcement material was put forward in order to analyze the reliability of the exceptional dimension freight. According to the safety function, the reliability for the reinforcement material could be calculated based on the distributional laws of the inertial forces and strength of material. The foundation has been laid on the model of safety function in order to realize the reinforcement design for the exceptional dimension freight on the basis of reliability theory.%阔大货物运输在铁路货物运输过程中占有重要地位。本文首先论述了阔大货物所受惯性力具有随机性的特点，在此基础上采用概率统计理论，建立了单位惯性力分布规律，给出了相应的计算方法。通过惯性力分布规律，建立了阔大货物运输安全模型，给出了阔大货物运输失稳的分析方法．在此基础上，通过建立阔大货物加固力平衡方程，给出了加固力分布函数，提出了加固材料的安全函数。应用可靠性理论，建立了加固材料可靠度计算模型，为实现阔大货物加固按照可靠度理论进行设计奠定了基础。
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