针对重载列车实际运用中在复杂纵断面紧急制动时导致列车纵向冲动过大的问题，应用空气制动系统和纵向动力学联合仿真系统，研究重载列车通过坡道时纵向冲动水平，以及坡道上列车制动起始位置、坡道坡度大小和列车制动波速等因素对列车纵向冲动的影响。结果表明列车完全处于同一坡道上坡或下坡制动时与平道时的冲动水平相当。列车在通过平道＋上坡或下坡＋平道时做紧急制动会产生较大的车钩力压力，1万吨编组列车第40车位于变坡点是最不利的制动起始位置。列车在变坡点的纵向冲动主要受到制动不同步性和坡道坡度两种因素影响，坡道坡度越小，列车的纵向冲动水平越小；提高制动波速能有效减小车钩力。%The excessive longitudinal impulse of heavy haul trains when an emergency brake was made on the trains was studied.By using a combined simulation system of air braking system and train longitudinal dynamic behavior,the longitudinal impulse level of heavy haul trains passing through a ramp was analyzed.The influences of the braking start position,ramp slope size and train braking velocity on the train longitudinal impulse were discussed.The results showed that when braking emergently the trains at uphill or downhill on a ramp,the impulse level is the same as that when it is on a flat track;coupler force is generated signifigantly when braking emergently the trains passing through complex route (such as,flat plus uphill or downhill plus flat);for a ten thousand tons train,the most dangerous braking position is the fortieth freight car of the train placing at the ramp slop change point;the brake synchronism and the slope of the ramp are the two main factors influencing the longitudinal impulse occuring at the ramp slope change point;the smaller the ramp slope,the smaller the train longitudinal impulse level;increasing brake synchronism reduces longitudinal impulse significantly.
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