Through comparison of physical fitness of children of different groups, the educational and societal reasons causing the differences were studies in order to find out solutions to the problems, to narrow the gaps and to realize equality.The differences showed that there were difference among the urban children, migrant children, left behind children such in body shape, vital capacity, speed quality, flexibility, coordination and 1 minute sit ups.The differences of vital capacity, flexibility, 1 minute sit ups were obvious and bigger for students of higher grades in school while the differences of quality of speed and coordination narrowed with the increase of grades.Girls in cities of Grade 5 and Grade 6 had better aerobic endurance ability than those of migrant and left behind girls.%通过对不同学龄儿童群体体质健康的比较,引申出差距背后所蕴含的教育、社会等因素,旨在为学校体育改革实现"缩小差距,实现公平"提供理论依据.研究以我国城市、流动、留守学龄儿童为对象,采用测量、数据统计等方法,对不同社会与教育环境下三类群体体质健康状况进行比较研究,发现城市儿童与流动、留守儿童的不同年级阶段身体形态、肺活量、速度素质、柔韧素质、协调性和1分钟仰卧起坐之间存在着差异,其中肺活量、柔韧素质、1分钟仰卧起坐的差异性,随年级的增高而逐渐拉大;而速度素质、协调性之间差异性,随着年级的增高而逐渐缩小;另外5-6年级段城市女童有氧耐力能力好于流动女童与留守女童.
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