“Japanese Spirit and Western Civilization”was performed as the foundation of Meiji Japan and the core of its culture.It laid a profound impact on social reform and educational development at that time.Studies on Meiji Japan school physical education at home and abroad hardly paid any attention to this feature,which resulted in the superficial perception to Meiji Japan school physical education.This research employed literature review to analyze physical education of Meiji Japan under Japanese culture and the Meiji Reform and reinforced that Meiji Japan school physical education was the be-ginning of the modern Japanese school physical education.It proposed that Meiji Japanese school physical education fo-cused on “Japanese Spirit and Western Civilization”,militarism spirit and scientific physical training,which could meet the Japanese national interest in foreign expansion.The development of school physical education in China and Japan was different because the ideologies of the two countries were different in that China advocated in the “Chinese Ideology and Western Technology”and Japan in the"Japanese Spirit and Western Civilization ”.%“和魂洋才”作为日本明治维新的基本思想纲领，深刻影响了当时的社会变革和教育发展，而中外学界在研究明治日本学校体育时对这一重要的文化特征较少关注，以致对明治日本学校体育的认识停留在表浅层次。笔者采用文献资料法，在搜集日文原始史料基础上，把明治日本的学校体育放在当时的文化以及明治维新的社会大变革背景下进行分析，旨在更深入地认识作为日本近现代学校体育开端的明治学校体育。提出明治日本学校体育整体上也呈现出“和魂洋才”的特征这一新颖观点，认为军国主义倾向与科学性是学校体育“和魂洋才”特征的具体体现，具备“和魂洋才”总体特征的学校体育最符合明治日本对外扩张的国家利益。中日近代早期的“中体西用”与“和魂洋才”两种高度相似然而却有本质区别的思想观念，使两国的学校体育发展状态迥异。
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