作为建设性后现代主义奠基人的怀特海与现代思想家马克思他们热切关注现代科学技术的进展，同时也看到受近代力学影响所形成的机械论自然观和宇宙观的局限，都批判二元论思维方式和传统实体论形而上学，在建构各自的新哲学观基础上，依循历史的逻辑阐发了有机体思想，不仅关涉到自然、社会、宇宙的有机性、秩序性，机体运行的基础、动力和机制，而且回答了如何走向未来的和谐与文明，并主要体现在以下几个方面：一是机体思想的基本表达：整体论框架内的有机宇宙观与社会机体论；二是机体思想的方法论诉求：内在关系中的过程辩证法与历史辩证法；三是机体思想的动力机制：目的论下的有机宇宙的秩序与社会规律；四是机体思想的存在论根基：“解构”、“终结”形而上学后的过程实在论与实践过程论；五是机体思想的价值取向：发展论旨趣上的宇宙文明与人类文明。关于这些问题的探究二者既有共通性，又有明显的殊异，对此加以比较研究有助于推进当下的生态文明建设。%Whitehead,a founder of constructive postmodernism,and Marx,a modern thinker,both pay attention to the progress of modern science and technology;meanwhile,they have also disclosed the limitations of the modern mechanic view of nature and cosmology,criticize dualism and the traditional metaphysics of substantialism,and construct their new views of philoso-phies.They interpret the theories of the organism in historical logic that are not only related to the organism and order of nature and human society as well as the basis,dynamics and mechanism of such organisms and provide the approaches to the future harmony and civilization.These ideas are embodied in the following aspects:(1 )the basic expressions of organism -based thoughts:the organism-based view of the universe and the theory of social organism in the framework of holism;(2)methodo-logical appeal for the organism-basedthoughts:the process-dialectics and historical dialectics in the internal relationship;(3)the dynamic institution of organism-based thoughts:the order of the organic universe and social laws in the perspective of teleology;(4)the ontological foundation of organism-basedthoughts:process-realism and the theory of practice-basedpro-cess after deconstructing and ending metaphysics;(5 )the value orientation of organism-based thoughts:the civilizations of the universe and human society in terms of the theory of development.Whitehead's and Marx's theories of the organism have some similarities and obvious differences,and acomparative study of them will promote the on-going construction of ecological civilization in China.
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