Soil organic matter (SOM), an important soil quality indicator and a highlighted object of study in soil science, has shown a close relationship to fertilizer applications. Long-term chemical nitrogen (N) fertiliza-tion induced a decrease in soil pH, but the decrease could be overcome by organic fertilization which would mitigate soil acidification, promote SOM accumulation, and increase crop yields. The objective of this study was to show past and present SOM levels as well as relationships between crop yield and SOM. Six fertilization regimes (no fertilizers, chemical nitrogen-phosphorous-potassium (NPK) fertilizers, organic and chemical fertil-izers, chemical fertilizers with returned straw, organic and chemical fertilizers with returned straw, and organic and inorganic compound fertilizers) from a long-term fertilization experiment with a wheat-maize rotation in Fuyang City, Anhui Province were applied and analyzed with a correlation analysis between crop yield and SOM. Results of the correlation analysis demonstrated a significant (P<0.05) and positive correlation (r=0.5984) for the wheat season and a highly significant (P<0.01) and positive correlation (r=0.4437) for the maize season. Thus, a partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic manure could improve crop yields and SOM accumulation.%土壤耕地质量受到越来越多的关注.土壤有机质作为土壤质量的重要指标,其质量分数与不同施肥机制之间的联系也越来越紧密.长期施用含氮化肥会导致土壤pH值下降,而配施有机肥能够有效缓解土壤酸化、 促进土壤有机质积累、 增加作物产量.以安徽省阜阳市长期定位试验为研究平台,通过研究6种不同施肥模式(不施肥,单施化肥,有机肥+化肥,化肥+秸秆,有机肥+化肥+秸秆,有机无机复合肥)下土壤有机质质量分数的演变规律以及作物产量与土壤有机质之间的关系,提出能够提高土壤有机质质量分数和增加作物产量的最优培肥措施.结果表明:北方旱地轮作土壤,以有机肥代替部分化肥,能在稳定甚至增加作物产量的同时促进土壤有机质积累.回归分析结果表明:小麦Triticum aestivum季和玉米Zea mays季的作物产量与土壤有机质质量分数之间均呈正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.5984(小麦季)和0.4437(玉米季),且相关性分别达显著(P<0.05)和极显著(P<0.01)水平.
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