文章通过调查宋代至清代的语料说明，“仅差＋否定词＋VP”结构中的“仅差”义副词和否定词经历了一系列的词汇替换过程：“仅差＋否定词＋VP”结构在宋金时期只发现2例，元代有了显著增长，元、明、清代分别主要使用“险／险些儿＋不”、“险／险些（儿）＋不／不曾”、“差一点（儿）＋没／没有”。当“了”与“仅差＋否定词＋VP”共现时，“了”为补语，VP 在“仅差＋否定词＋VP”中表现出强烈的负向语义信息倾向。“仅差”义副词由于语义分工以及主观化等作用，导致“仅差”义副词在不同语义区间赋值，当 VP 为正向语义信息时产生了“基本一样、分明”等肯定语义信息。这种分野为“仅差＋否定词＋VP”带来了不同的语法后果，即：[[仅差＋否定词]＋VP]和[仅差＋[否定词＋VP]]。%After the investigation of the data from Song dynasty to Qing dynasty,this paper dem-onstrate that the “jincha(仅差)+negator+VP”construction (JC)has undergone a process of lexical alternation.It is spotted only sporadically in Song and Jin dynasties but the frequncey of its occurrence is on the rise from the Yuan Dynasties.The structures “Xian/xianxie’r+bu”(险/险些/险些儿+不),“xian/xianxie’(r)+bu/buceng(险/险些/险些儿+不曾)”,“chayidian’(r)+mei/meiyou(差一点/差一点儿+没/没有)”are used mostly found in Yuan,Ming,Qing dynasties respectively.When JC and“le”(了)co-occurrence,“le”should be regarded as a complement,demonstrating strong negative se-mantic information shown by the VPs in JC.Because of the different functions as adverb and subjec-tivity in JC,the adverbs of “jincha”have different semantic domains:one is negative,and the other is positive.So it has different grammatical effects in JC,namely,[[jincha+negator]+VP]and [jincha+[negataor+VP]].
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