Developing reusable spacecraft technologies is an important way to decrease the cost of manned space missions. This paper studied the concept of reusable manned spacecraft and defined the meaning of reuse in the system level and component level. The application of reusable manned spacecraft in the future manned space missions was analyzed including the LEO space station and manned lunar base. The cost⁃effectiveness ratio of reusable manned spacecraft and the cost of Inter⁃national Space Station by using reusable manned spacecraft were also discussed and the results showed that the reusable manned spacecraft had significant economic advantage over the one⁃time use manned spacecraft. The cost will decrease the most when the number of reuse is over 10 times. In the end, the key technologies for the development of reusable spacecraft was studied which may serve as a reference for the development of reusable spacecraft technologies in China.%针对作为降低航天任务成本重要手段的可重复使用航天器技术在未来的应用需求，对可重复使用航天器概念进行了探讨，给出了系统级可重复使用和部件级可重复使用航天器的定义。分析了可重复使用航天器在未来航天领域的应用，包括近地轨道空间站任务和月球基地任务。对全寿命任务周期中航天器与可重复使用次数的关系进行了分析，结果表明可重复使用航天器在经济性上较一次性使用航天器有明显优势，且可重复使用次数达到10次以上时，能够将成本降到最低。最后对发展可重复使用航天器所需攻关的关键技术进行了梳理，为我国发展可重复使用航天器技术提供参考。
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