Among all precursors for fabricating carbon aerogels, biomass is by far the most cost-effective, environmental friendly and sustainable material because of their low cost and rich carbon.Biomass based carbon aerogel has attracted great interest and is expected to be widely used in electrochemical energy storage devices and absorptions owing to their low density, high elastic, large specific surface area, good electrical conductivity and other excellent properties.This paper summarizes the process of fabricating biomass carbon aerogel, including cellulose carbon aerogel, lignin-base carbon aerogel, biomass-derivatives carbon aerogel, and carbon aerogel composite material.The overview on recent advances of biomass-based carbon aerogel is given in the fields, such as adsorption and electrochemical application.Furthermore, the opportunities and challenges that biomass carbon aerogels subjected to in the large-scale preparation of uniform structure and good performance are analyzed.%生物质材料成本低廉、碳源丰富,是碳气凝胶制备中最经济、环保和可持续性的原料.生物质基碳气凝胶展现出密度低、弹性高、比表面积大和导电性好等优异特性,有望广泛应用于电化学储能器件和吸附净化等领域.综述了生物质基碳气凝胶,如纤维素碳气凝胶、木质素基碳气凝胶、生物质衍生物基碳气凝胶以及碳气凝胶复合结构材料的制备工艺,总结了生物质基碳气凝胶在吸附和电化学等领域的应用研究.最后,分析了大规模制备结构均一和性能优良的生物质基碳气凝胶面临的机遇与挑战.
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