近年来,海上石油泄漏事故和各种含油有害污水排放日益频繁,不仅造成了严重的环境污染,同时也危及到人类健康.因此,如何高效分离油水混合物成为当前材料学领域一个亟待解决的问题和研究热点.目前,具有被油或水所选择性润湿的特异浸润性材料已被广泛应用于油水分离,它们具有高效的油水分离效果,应用前景相当广阔.综述了近年来各类新型、高效的特异润湿型油水分离材料的制备方法及其吸油能力、分离效率以及重复使用性能,总结了油水分离材料领域的研究现状及尚待解决的难点,同时也展望了该领域未来研究的热点及发展方向.%In recent years,maritime oil spillage accidents and all kinds of harmful oily sewage emissions are becoming increasingly frequent.They have caused serious pollution to the environment,and also brought great harm to the health of human beings.Therefore,how to effectively deal with the oil-polluted water is a problem which needs to be solved quickly,and also a hot research spot in material science field.Presently,materials which can be selectively wetted by oil or water,have displayed the highly oil/water separation efficient and been widely used in oil/water separation because of their unique wetting behavior.This article summarizes the preparation of all kinds of new-type and efficient oil-water separation materials in recent years and their capacity of oil absorption,efficiency of separation and performance of repeated use.Afterwards,the research status of the field of oil/water separation materials are introduced,some related difficulties that remain to be solved and prospected its future researching focus and developing directions are pointed out.
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