Photothermal therapy technology is attracted much attention, and a prerequisite for the development of its biological applications is to obtain photothermal agents with excellent conversion efficiency and stability. Carbon-based photothermal agents is drawn increasing interest due to their advantages such as low toxicity and excellent stability. The recent research progress in carbon-based nanomaterials with photothermal effects is reviewed, including carbon nanotube and graphene. The main attention is given to the advance in their surface modification technologies including non-covalent modification and covalent modification. Subsequently, the functionalization methods of carbon-based photothermal agents with RGD, antibody, folic acid and DNA are summarized. At last, their biological applications, including photothermal ablation therapy and NIR photothermal imaging are introduced.%光热治疗技术已经引起了广泛的重视,其走向应用的前提是开发出高效稳定的光热转换材料.碳基光热转换纳米材料具有毒性小、稳定性高等优点,已经成为了研究的热点.综述了碳基光热转换纳米材料(包括纳米碳管和石墨烯)的研究进展,重点论述了其表面改性技术(包括非共价键改性和共价键改性方法)；随后总结了其表面功能化方法,主要有RGD、抗体、叶酸和DNA等靶向性功能化的修饰方法；最后介绍了其在光热治疗、近红外热成像等生物医药方面的应用.
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