One dimensional photonic crystals are periodically arranged dielectric materials in one direction. The photonic band gap(PBG) properties were studied by characteristic matrix method of thin-film optical theory. Influences of the changing of filling ratio and the random fluctuation of thickness on photonic band gap were researched. The re-sult shows that the photonic band gap ratio is different and has a maximum when the filling ratio varies. The random fluctuation of thickness affects the photonic band gap. The effect of photonic band gap is different when the random fluctuation is changed. This work provides a valuable reference to the design and fabrication of one dimensional photo-nic crystals.%一维光子晶体是指介质只在一个方向成周期性排列的材料.利用薄膜光学的特征矩阵法研究了一维光子晶体的禁带特性,分析了填充率变化、厚度的随机扰动对光子带隙的影响.结果表明,随着填充率的变化,各能级的带隙率变化,并且存在一个极大值；厚度的随机扰动对光子带隙也有一定的影响,随机度不同,对光子带隙的影响也不一样.本研究对一维光子晶体的设计与制备有一定的参考价值.
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