Three kinds of high-silicon aluminum alloys (Al-30Si, Al-40Si and Al-50Si) were fabricated by mechanical alloying and hot pressing. The microstructures, compressive strengths and wear-friction properties of the alloys were investigated by metalloscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), compression tests and friction-wear tests. The results show that the microstructure of the alloys contains Al-rich region, Si-rich region and Al-Si mixed region, and the ultrafine Si particles in the matrix do not grow up obviously after the hot pressing process. The compressive strength of the alloys increases firstly and then decreases with increasing Si content. Al-40Si has the lowest mass loss and friction coefficient, its wear mechanism is mainly abrasive wear and oxidation wear. Besides abrasive wear, the wear mechanism of Al-30Si alloy contents adhesive wear at the beginning and then following oxidative wear, while Al-50Si alloy contents distinctly desquamation wear.%通过机械合金化结合热压致密化的工艺制备Al-30Si、Al-40Si、Al-50Si 3种成分的高硅铝合金，采用金相、SEM、EDS、压缩实验、摩擦磨损试验等对合金的组织、抗压强度及摩擦磨损性能等进行研究。结果表明：合金显微组织中呈现Al相富集区、Si相富集区和铝硅混合区3种区域，且合金中Si颗粒细小，没有明显长大的现象。合金的抗压强度随Si含量的增加先升高后降低。Al-40Si合金具有最佳的耐磨性和减摩性，其磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损和氧化磨损。除磨粒磨损外，Al-30Si合金磨损初期存在粘着磨损，后期则以氧化磨损为主，而Al-50Si则存在较严重的剥层磨损。
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