上呼吸道感染(URI)小儿的麻醉对麻醉医师而言一直是巨大的挑战,临床中,URI与围术期呼吸系统不良事件的发生有显著相关性.其中,喉痉挛是URI小儿围术期最常见的并发症之一,一旦发生往往比较紧急,若处理不当,可能会造成比较严重的后果.目前对如何有效预防和处理URI小儿喉痉挛的发生仍没有统一的临床标准.URI小儿择期手术施行与否一直困扰着麻醉医师.明确URI小儿喉痉挛的发生机制、危险因素、术前评估对麻醉医师至关重要,可以为麻醉医师正确预防和及时处理URI小儿喉痉挛提供重要的理论依据.%Anesthesia for the children with upper respiratory tract infection(URI) has been a great challenge for anesthesiologists.There is a significant correlation between URI and the occurrence of perioperative respiratory adverse events.Among them,laryngospasm is one of the most common complications for the children with URI.It is often more urgent,and it may cause more serious consequences if not handled properly.There is still no clinical guideline for how to prevent and treat laryngeal spasms effectively for the children with URI.Whether the elective surgery performed for the children with URI has been plaguing the anesthesiologist.It is important for the anesthesiologists to understand the mechanism,risk factors and preoperative assessment of laryngeal spasm for the children with URI,which can provide an important theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment.
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