在不同的环境中,不同种类的微生物能在材料上附着繁殖,其生命活动会引起或加剧材料的腐蚀.根据种类及功能的不同,腐蚀微生物可以分为硫酸盐还原菌、硫氧化菌、产酸菌、铁氧化细菌、铁还原细菌、硝酸盐还原菌以及产粘液细菌等.微生物腐蚀几乎能使所有现用的材料受到严重影响,破坏材料的结构与性能,在建筑、运输管道、工业环境(石油化工等)以及海洋环境中造成巨大的安全隐患和财产损失.本文概述了目前发现的腐蚀相关微生物的类群和特性,以及相对应的微生物腐蚀机理,为防护和控制材料的微生物腐蚀提供理论指导.%In different environments,different microorganisms can attach on materials and cause materials corrosion,which is termed as microbiologically influenced corrosion or biocorrosion.According to their types and functions,microorganisms involved in corrosion are divided into sulfate-reducing bacteria,sulfur-oxidizing bacteria,acid-producing bacteria,iron-oxidizing bacteria,iron-reducing bacteria,nitrate-reducing bacteria and slime-forming bacteria.Corrosive microorganisms can affect almost all existing materials,so as to change and destroy the structures and performances of the materials.Microbiologically influenced corrosion can cause huge security risks and property damage on the construction,transportation pipelines,industrial environment (e.g.petrochemical) and marine environment.Here,we summarize corrosive microorganisms and their properties,as well as the corrosion mechanisms,to provide a theoretical basis to protect and control microbiologically influenced corrosions.
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