[目的]探究艾丁湖可培养嗜盐菌的多样性、功能酶活性以及抗菌活性,进一步了解其次级代谢产物情况,为新型生物活性物质的发掘提供依据.[方法]选用以20种糖及糖的衍生物作为唯一碳源的寡营养培养基从艾丁湖5个样点中分离得到298株嗜盐菌,根据形态特征去重复后,选取62株菌运用16S rRNA基因系统发育分析的方法研究样品中嗜盐菌的多样性;从不同类群选取22株代表菌株,采用点接法进行3种功能酶的筛选,运用平板对峙法检测代表菌株对12种病原菌的抗菌活性.[结果]从5％、10％和15％3个盐浓度中分别分得221、54和23株嗜盐菌,获得的嗜盐菌分布在9个科18个属;其中放线菌分布于4个属,细菌分布于14个属;Nocardiopsis和Pontibacillus属为艾丁湖可培养嗜盐菌的优势类群,分别占17.7％和16.1％;有15株嗜盐菌相似性低于98.5％,可能为潜在新种.所选取的22株代表菌株中,分别有68.2％、22.7％和72.7％的实验菌株具有蛋白酶、淀粉酶和酯酶活性;45.5％的代表菌株对12种病原菌表现出了抗至少1种病原菌的活性,其中一株Nocardiopsis属放线菌能抗9种病原菌,表现出了广谱的抗菌活性.[结论]新疆艾丁湖土样中嗜盐菌的多样性较丰富,而且具有较好的生物活性,为后续进一步研究其次级代谢产物提供了依据.%[Objective] To explore secondary metabolites and new bioactive substances,the diversity,functional enzyme activity and antimicrobial activity of halophilic bacteria from Aiding Lake were studied.[Methods] A total of 20 sugars and sugar derivatives were selected as the sole carbon source of medium,and 298 halophilic bacteria were isolated from 5 samples of Aiding Lake.Based on the morphological characteristics,62 representative strains were selected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.Twenty-two halophilic bacteria were chosen from different species to screen functional enzyme activity and antimicrobial activity.Activity for 3 functional enzyme were tested by noculating single colony method.Antimicrobial activity for 12 pathogenic bacteria and fungus were tested by plate confront method.[Results] There were 221,54,23 halophilic bacteria isolated from 5％,10％,15％ salt concentration respectively.They were distributed in 9 families,18 genera.Actinobacteria were distributed in 4 genera,and bacteria were distributed in 14 genera.Nocardiopsis and Pontibacillus were dominant groups of culturable halophilic bacteria from Aiding Lake,comprising 17.7％ and 16.1％ respectively.The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 15 halophilic bacteria were lower than 98.5％,which may present potential novel species.Among the 22 representative strains,68.2％,22.7％,72.7％ of them showed positive result for protease activity,amylase activity and asterase activity respectively.And 45.5％ of the tested strains showed at least one kind of microbial activity against 12 pathogenic bacteria and fungus.Especially,one Nocardiopsis strain exhibited extensive antagonism against 9 pathogenic bacteria and fungus.[Conclusion] The halophilic bacteria of Aiding Lake in Xinjiang has abundant diversity and good biological activity,which provides the basis for further study on secondary metabolites.
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