The first bacterial cytoskeletal protein FtsZ,a bacterial tubulin homologue,was found in 1992.After these 25 years of research,more bacterial cytoskeletal proteins were identified.The prokaryotic tubulin homologues include FtsZ,CetZ,TubZ and BtubA/B.X-ray crystal structures have confirmed that they have similar structures.In the presence of GTP,they assemble into different polymers,such as single filaments,double helix filaments or bundles.These filaments conduct many different important functions including cell division,controlling cell shape and plasmid partition.%自从1992年确定细菌分裂的关键蛋白FtsZ属于微管蛋白家族以来,越来越多的细菌细胞骨架蛋白被发现.原核生物中的微管同源蛋白主要有FtsZ、CetZ、TubZ和BtubA/B等.它们与微管蛋白具有相似的三级结构,可以结合鸟嘌呤-5'-三磷酸(Guanosine triphosphate,GTP)自聚合成不同的线状原丝纤维结构:单线状原丝纤维、双螺旋纤维结构或聚集成束状结构,在细菌细胞分裂、维持细胞形态、质粒分离等诸多重要生理功能中起着重要作用.
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