DNA条形码(DNA barcoding)技术作为一门新兴的物种鉴定方法以其灵敏、精确、方便和客观的优势,在动植物和微生物的分类鉴定中已经得到广泛应用.真菌鉴定中常用作标准条形码的是核核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(Internal transcribed spacer,ITS),如今也有一些新型条形码被发现和应用到实际操作中,如微条形码、ND6、EF3.本文对DNA条形码技术的产生和发展做出了总结,通过研究其在真菌中应用的实际案例分析了DNA条形码技术的优缺点及发展趋势,并指出DNA条形码技术将以全新的视角来弥补传统分类学的不足,最终实现生物自身的序列变异信息与现有形态分类学的结合.%As an emerging organism identification method,DNA barcoding has been widely used in plants,animals and microorganisms for its advantage of higher sensitivity,accuracy,and objectivity.Even the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) is used as a standard barcode in fungal identification frequently,nowadays,there are more and more newbarcodes,such as the microcoding,ND6 and EF3.In this article we summarized the generation and developing history of DNA barcoding,also we present the advantage,shortcomings and the development trend based on fungal barcoding case studies.We indicated that DNA barcoding technique will be a good supplementary to the traditional morphology-based taxonomy,and towards a combination of natural evolutional relationships and morphological taxonomy in fungi.
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