Laser interferometer plays an extremely important role in the discovery of gravitational wave.The quantum nose is one of the big limitation for the improvement of its sensitivity.The mechanisms and characteristics of shot noise and radiation pressure noise were discussed.The standard quantum limit (SQL) and the techniques of beating SQL were briefly introduced.%激光干涉仪在引力波发现中起着关键作用,光量子噪声是干涉仪灵敏度进一步提高的主要障碍.详细分析了光量子噪声中霰弹噪声和辐射压力噪声产生的机制和主要特点,讨论了标准量子极限,扼要介绍了信号循环、压缩光场等标准量子极限突破技术.
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