页岩气的开采是全球能源史上里程碑式的进步.回顾美国页岩气从勘探到商业化生产的发展过程,可以证明页岩气的成功来自于地质理论认识的创新和先进的钻完井技术的完美结合.地质上将页岩从单纯作为烃源岩到可作为烃源岩,及对盖层和储层的认识,改变了人们对页岩气系统中页岩功能的认识.其他地质相关的理论进展,如页岩气来源、储集空间、在地质历史和构造沉积域的分布、岩相、地球化学、地球物理、矿物、岩石物理、岩石力学和原位页岩气储量等,使人们认识到超大规模页岩气储量的存在是开采该类非常规能源的基础.地质认识的进步、天然气需求的增加和高价的耦合,促进了钻井和压裂技术革新.工程技术上的革新,包括滑溜水/轻砂压裂、水平井多级压裂、重复压裂、同步和顺序压裂等,及页岩储层改造中压裂液配方选择和水力压裂设计等.详细的地质研究可以确定页岩气地质上的甜点,进一步结合详细的岩石物理、岩石力学、不同矿物脆性及和可压裂性的研究,才能找到页岩气开发首选的地质和工程相叠合的甜点区.地质和工程紧密结合是未来全球页岩气勘探和开发的趋势.%The exploitation of unconventional shale gas is a milestone the history of global energy. The history of U. S. Shale gas production from exploration to commercial development proves that the success of shale gas is the perfect combination of geological theory innovation and advanced drilling and completion technology. The geological review of shale gas system changed from a source rock only to a combination of source,seal and reservoir. All these changed the way we think of shale gas system. Other geology-related studies e. G. Shale gas origin, storage space,its distribution in geological history and tectonic-sedimentary setting, lithofacies, geochemistry, geophysics, mineralogy, petrophysics,geomechanics,gas-in-place,etc. Made people realize the existence of large scale shale gas resources is the exploitation basis for such unconventional energy. The progress of geological knowledge,and the increase of gas demand and high price, promotes the technological innovation in drilling and fracturing. These engineering innovations include slick-water/light sand frac,horizontal well multi-stage fracturing, refracturing,simultaneous and sequential fracturing,selection of shale gas fracturing fluid formula and hydraulic fracturing design. The detailed geological studies can locate geological sweet spot. The further combination with detailed petrophysics,geomechanics,mineralogy and fracturing studies will help determine the best potential area of overlapped geological and engineering sweet areas. The combination of geology and engineering is the future trend for global shale gas exploration and development.
展开▼
