基于方差理论，提出了物理实验数据的有效性评估方法，给出了数据有效率的计算公式；分别讨论了分压电路与限流电路中待测电阻两端的电压U随滑动变阻器调节比例 l（x）之间的关系，并分析了数据的有效率与k（滑动变阻器总阻值与待测电阻的阻值之比）之间的关系，同时提出了不同电路中滑动变阻器的选择以及选择后的调节技巧；最后以数据的有效性为基础将分压电路和限流电路进行比较分析。%Based on error theory ,an evaluation method of the validity of physics experiment data was presented ,a compute formula on data validity was put forward .The relationships between the voltage on the resistor and the adjustment of the slide rheostat in bleeder circuit or current‐limiting circuit were discussed ;the dependence of the data validity on k (the ratio between the resistance of the resistor being tested and the total resistance of the slide rheostat ) was analyzed .Some key points on the selection and adjustment of slide rheostat were suggested ,and finally ,bleeder circuit and current‐limiting circuit were compared based on data validity .
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