Linen,or oil-used flax,has very high comprehensive utilization value.With the development of flax production,the demand for excellent linen germplasm resources is higher which promotes flax industry development that makes research and utilization of linen germplasm more important.Compared to staple crops,flax germplasm resources utilization rate is much lower,and its variety improvement is still confined to the conventional breeding methods.Little progress made in linen genetic research,especially at modern molecular levels,which led to the slow development in flax varieties improvement;meanwhile,inefficient flax breeding limits the further development of flax industry.In this paper,flax plant biology characteristics,germplasm resources collection and utilization,variety breeding profile,genetics,and molecular assisted breeding have been reviewed,which will provide information for domestic linen researchers,and may be helpful for improving the level of genetic research,breeding and utilization of flax resources in china.%胡麻是油用亚麻,其综合利用价值非常高.随着胡麻生产的发展,对优异胡麻资源的需求越来越大,胡麻种质的研究和利用已成为推动胡麻产业发展的重要因素.与大宗作物相比,胡麻种质资源利用率较低,品种改良方法仍局限于常规育种手段,现代分子遗传学研究落后,导致胡麻新品种选育进程缓慢,育种效率低下,限制了胡麻产业的进一步发展.本文分别从胡麻植物生物学特征、种质资源收集与利用、品种选育概况及传统遗传学、分子辅助育种等方面的研究进行了综述,供我国胡麻科研工作者参考,并期望对提高国内胡麻遗传研究与育种利用水平有所裨益.
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