Based on the fact that little has been researched about direction of spatial interaction across the urban hierarchy, this paper takes Yangtze River Delta as an example, and constructs a theoretical framework which integrates New Economic Geography and Central Place Theory, more specifically, classifying the aggregate market potential into three directions according to urban hierarchy, the same⁃layer, the high⁃layer, the low⁃layer. Based on Spatial Econometrics method, this paper simultaneously explores the effect of aggregate and disaggregate spatial interaction on the urban GDP per capita growth and the population growth of Yangtze River Delta. The results are as follows. Firstly, after controlling the indirect spatial spillover effect owing to spatial dependence, there is no significant evidence about absolute adjustment of factor price and quantity suggested by New Economic Geography when confronting with demand shock. That is to say, the aggregate market potential simultaneously contributes to GDP per capita growth and population growth of Yangtze River Delta. Secondly, from the perspective of disaggregate spatial interaction, large cities contribute to medium cities’ GDP per capita growth, and the spread effect of urban population growth of Yangtze River Delta can be obtained among large cities, large cities to the low⁃layer cities, and small cities to the high⁃layer cities, whereas medium cities are detrimental to the population growth of medium cities and large cities.%基于以往研究对空间相互作用方向性考虑不足的事实，文章以长三角133个县市为例，构建了融合新经济地理学与中心地理论的理论框架，将表征空间需求关联的总体市场潜能细分为来自同层级、高等级、低等级三个方向，利用空间计量模型估计了总体及不同方向的空间相互作用对长三角地区人均GDP增长与人口增长的效应。结果显示：在控制空间依赖导致的间接溢出效应等因素后，并未发现存在要素价格绝对调整或要素数量绝对调整的证据，总体市场潜能的提高同时促进了城市人均GDP增长与人口增长；就不同方向的空间相互作用而言，大城市的自身发展有利于中等城市的人均GDP增长，大城市之间、大城市对下级城市、小城市对上级城市形成了人口增长的良性互动格局，而中等城市之间以及中等城市对大城市的人口增长则表现为回流效应。
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