It is important to comprehensively evaluate the benefit of the conversion from cropland to forest and grassland, which will help to determine whether the conversion from cropland to forest and grassland continues. At present, the benefit evaluation of the conversion from cropland to forest and grassland has been conducted in the region scale, however, the evaluation in a county scale is fewer. This study estab- lished the index system of the conversion from cropland to forest and grassland for county scale by taking the Yuzhong County as an example, and this index system was used to evaluate the comprehensive benefit of conversion from cropland to forest and grassland of the Weiying Township of Yuzhong County. The evaluation result showed the score of comprehensive benefit of this township was 70.85 points, which was at good level. The score of ecological benefits was 74.8 points and it was at good level. The score of economic benefit was 55.5 points, which was at medium level. The score of social benefit was 78.2 points and it was at good level.%综合评价退耕还林还草生态工程的效益，是该工程持续推进的重要内容。国内退耕还林还草工程综合效益的评价均以大尺度为主，而基于县域尺度的评价较少。本研究以干旱半干旱地区的榆中县为例，通过构建小尺度退耕还林还草工程综合效益评价指标体系，定量评估了该县韦营乡退耕还林还草的生态、经济、社会效益。结果表明，韦营乡退耕还林还草工程的综合效益分值为70．85，较好；生态效益分值为74．8，较好；经济效益分值为55．5，一般；社会效益分值为78．2，较好。
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